Les conflits d'usage des espaces périurbains et le contentieux administratif. Le cas de la région Ile-de-France..

L’article porte sur une analyse des conflits d’usages d’espace, traduits par les requêtes devant la justice administrative française de 1981 à 2005. Le terrain d’étude est le périurbain francilien, territoire qui connaît une forte urbanisation et où la diversité des modes d’occupation du sol nécessite une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la conflictualité. L’étude empirique montre une corrélation entre l’augmentation des conflits d’usage en Île-de-France et la dynamique de périurbanisation. Elle met en évidence un couplage entre certains types de conflits et certaines caractéristiques du territoire : les problèmes d’urbanisme font souvent l’objet conflictuel dominant dans les communes plutôt aisées, tandis que l’opposition aux infrastructures publiques se situe fréquemment dans les communes à forte urbanisation. Les nuisances des installations classées sont souvent localisées dans des communes plutôt peu aisées.The article provides an analysis of land-use conflicts extract from the rulings of French Administrative Courts from 1981 to 2005. It focuses on Paris’s suburb, where the urbanisation process and the diversity of land-use require a deeper comprehension of the problem. Our results show that the land-use conflict’s evolution is correlated with the urbanisation process. They also detect a coupling phenomenon between conflict’s type and territory’s parameters : urbanism disputes often arise in wealthy municipalities, whereas oppositions to public infrastructure have particularly risen in strongly urbanising towns. Classified industrial facility’s nuisances have been found in unfortunate municipalities.Île-de-France; contentieux; périurbanisation; conflit d’usage; Paris region; periurbanisation; land-use conflict; litigation;

Ni粒子を分散した各種酸化物セラミック基ナノコンポジットの自己治癒

国立大学法人長岡技術科学大

La dimension conflictuelle des projets d’infrastructure : essais sur la décision publique, le contentieux et les prix immobiliers.

La thèse étudie l’opposition des riverains à des projets d’aménagement de l’espace. Elle défend la vision selon laquelle cette dimension conflictuelle, fréquemment rencontrée lors de la réalisation des projets d’infrastructure, n’est pas un état de dysfonctionnement à éviter dans le processus décisionnel. Composée de 4 essais qui traitent le phénomène sous différents angles, elle évoque les points principaux suivants. Les outils d’aide à la décision, dont le calcul économique public et diverses procédures de concertation, ne permettent pas d’aboutir à des décisions parfaites et incontestables. La géographie des conflits est fortement corrélée à celle de l’urbanisation et les opposants mettent en doute le principe de l’utilité publique. Le marché immobilier n’est pas indifférent aux signaux de nuisance des futurs projets, ainsi qu’à la lutte organisée des associations locales. Ainsi, la thèse soutient l’idée que la dimension conflictuelle résulte de facteurs irréductibles. Elle ne représente pas un échec, mais participe de la confrontation nécessaire entre les acteurs coexistant sur un territoire, porteurs de préférences et d’intérêts divergents. C’est d’ailleurs cette confrontation qui les contraint à discuter, à relever des points de désaccords, puis à sortir ensemble de la divergence grâce à l’action collective. L’analyse du contentieux administratif constitue la matière principale du travail. Le terrain d’étude est l’espace périurbain de l’Ile de France.This thesis studies the local opposition phenomenon in carrying out public facility project. It defends the idea that the growing conflict dimension in infrastructure project is not necessarily a dysfunction to be voided in the decision making process. Composed from 4 articles, the thesis observes the phenomenon under different angles, and invokes the following major points. Decision making tools, among which the cost-advantage analysis and public consultation procedures, don’t permit to deliberate perfect and incontestable decision. The geography of conflict is highly correlated to that of urbanization. The opponents to public decision doubt about the public utility. The property market is not indifferent to signals of future project’s nuisance, as well as to the organized resistance of local associations. Hence, the thesis defend that the conflict dimension of public facility projects is resulted from irreducible factors. It doesn’t represent a failure, but a needed confrontation among coexisting actors in the same territory, actors whose interests and preferences are divergent. It is then this confrontation which will force them to have dialogue, to raise disagreement points, and get out of the divergence thanks to collective action. Administrative lawsuit study is the principal material of this work. The study area is the peri-urban area of the Ile de France region.living framework; litigation; conflict; public decision; public facility project; cadre de vie; contentieux; conflit; décision publique; projet d’infrastructure;

Robust-MBFD: A Robust Deep Learning System for Motor Bearing Faults Detection Using Multiple Deep Learning Training Strategies and A Novel Double Loss Function

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of motor bearing fault detection (MBFD), which involves the task of identifying faults in a motor bearing based on its vibration. To this end, we first propose and evaluate various machine learning based systems for the MBFD task. Furthermore, we propose three deep learning based systems for the MBFD task, each of which explores one of the following training strategies: supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and unsupervised learning. The proposed machine learning based systems and deep learning based systems are evaluated, compared, and then they are used to identify the best model for the MBFD task. We conducted extensive experiments on various benchmark datasets of motor bearing faults, including those from the American Society for Mechanical Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT), Case Western Reserve University Bearing Center (CWRU), and the Condition Monitoring of Bearing Damage in Electromechanical Drive Systems from Paderborn University (PU). The experimental results on different datasets highlight two main contributions of this study. First, we prove that deep learning based systems are more effective than machine learning based systems for the MBFD task. Second, we achieve a robust and general deep learning based system with a novel loss function for the MBFD task on several benchmark datasets, demonstrating its potential for real-life MBFD applications

La décision publique à l’épreuve des conflits

Le processus de décision publique, qui touche à l’ensemble des activités industrielles, doit faire face à deux problèmes : les méthodes de calcul économique et les analyses du choix public peinent à intégrer les dimensions sociales et politiques dans les procédures de choix et se révèlent impuissantes à dessiner un cadre cohérent de prise de décision conforme aux attentes du public ; les conflits d’usage de l’espace se multiplient et marquent la difficulté croissante à mettre en œuvre de nouveaux projets, en particulier en matière d’infrastructures. Cet article défend l’idée que c’est par l’incorporation des dimensions conflictuelles dans le processus de décision publique que l’on parviendra à construire des projets partagés et à tester la recevabilité ou le refus des décisions publiques. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons comment le mécanisme de la décision publique est conduit à incorporer toujours davantage des variables sociales et politiques, et nous revenons sur les problèmes posés par les outils de la décision, au regard des théories du choix. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons un cadre d’analyse de l’intégration des conflits à la décision publique, en commençant par les analyses de l’exit et de la prise de parole, de Tiebout à Hirschman, puis en insistant sur le rôle joué par les conflits dans le processus d’essais et d’erreurs qui caractérise maintenant la décision publique.In France, public decisions about industrial infrastructures are mainly based on a cost-advantage analysis but they are much and much depending on the public choice principle. While cardinal utility based approach refuses social dimension in decision making, the society turns more toward a democratic deliberation process which respects social preferences for territorial planning. That’s why these methods are no longer the appropriate framework to build collective choice. The increasing volume of land-use conflicts proves that it is more and more difficult to carry out new projects, particularly in public facility construction. This article defends the idea that the incorporation of conflict dimension into the decision making process can prospect a new approach where one can build shared projects inside a territorial governance framework, and test their recevability. In the first section, we show that the current making of public decision tends to progressively incorporate social and political adjustments. We then come back to the above mentioned problems in regarding the theories of choice. In the second section, we present an analytical framework which incorporates the conflict into the decision process. We expose the footloose model of Tiebout and that of Exit and Voice of Hirschman. In the end, we insist on the role of conflicts in the became-tendency trial-error procedure in public decision today

DEWATS dissemination in Vietnam: achievements and lessons learnt

The speedy economic development and rapid growth of population and urbanization in Vietnam have created great pressure on the environment by its manufacturing process and human activities. Thus, it is necessary to protect the environment through policies and appropriate technology for the sustainable development of the country. The DEcentralized WAstewater Treatment Solutions (DEWATS) dissemination in Vietnam is one of the measures contributing to address this issue

La politique de développement rural en France. Premières analyses des programmes de développement rural dans les régions françaises métropolitaines sur la période 2014-2020

Cet article analyse la traduction actuelle du Règlement de Développement Rural en France par les régions métropolitaines et étudie l’évolution par rapport à la période précédente 2007-2013. Le changement majeur, principalement d’ordre institutionnel, réside dans le transfert de compétences de l’État vers les régions en matière de développement rural. Il ne se traduit pas par des évolutions financières notables, dans un contexte où les orientations du gouvernement français jouent un rôle important dans le processus de redistribution des aides.This article analyzes the current translation of the Rural Development Regulation in France by the metropolitan regions and studies the evolution compared to the previous period 2007-2013. The major change is mainly institutional and results from the transfer of powers from the State to the Regions in the field of rural development. This change is not translated into significant financial trends in a context where the French Government continues to play a major role in the process of redistribution of rural supports

The impacts of task-based speaking activities on English-majored freshmen’s oral performance at Ba Ria-Vung Tau Teacher Training College

This action research was carried out with the aims to investigate (1) the factors causing difficulty for the English-majored freshmen’s oral performance at BR-VT Teacher Training College; (2) the impacts of the TBSA on the students’ oral performance; and (3) the students’ attitudes towards the TBSA. The research was carried out in 15 weeks over 23 students. The data collection instruments were pre-questionnaire, post-questionnaire, pre-test, post-test and observation note. The results of the prequestionnaire showed that there were two factors that affected the students’ oral communication. (1) They did not have chances for practicing speaking; and (2) they were not confident of oral communication as they were not equipped with enough vocabulary and speaking patterns. The results of the oral tests and post-questionnaire revealed that the students’ oral performance in the post-test was higher than the one in the pre-test (fair scores compared with average ones). The students got the improvement in oral performance because (1) they spoke more fluently as they felt confident and had chances of practicing speaking with partners. (2) They took part in the conversations positively since they identified the topic discussion as well as they were equipped with the vocabulary and speaking patterns. The students also admitted that they liked the TBSA and wanted to use them frequently in learning speaking as (1) the TBSA were a good method for learning speaking; (2) they felt comfortable and confident in communication when practicing the TBSA; and (3) they achieved progress in learning speaking. Based on the findings, a conclusion was stated that the TBSA could be used to develop the learners’ oral performance

Effect of deposition time on gold nanodendrite porous structure and on signals of Hg(II) in environment

The influences of deposition time (tdep) for Au nanodendrite preparation on carbon cloth electrodes on the surface structure, electrochemical behavior and voltammetric signal for Hg(II) detection have been studied. The obtained results showed that from 60 s to 300 s, the longer deposition time, the larger dendrite length as well as the more increased density of dendrite structure became. Calculated from data showed that the electroactive surface area approached to the maximum value of 3.686 cm2 with tdep = 300 s. The typical electrochemical behaviour of the prepared electrodes was mass transfer diffusion to the electrode surface and being considered as planar diffusion. Using DPASV technique, the peak height of Hg(II) could appoach to 52 µA with tdep = 60 s. Keywords. Gold nanodendrite, deposition time, surface structure, electrochemical properties, mercury

Evaluation of Pseudomonas stutzeri AM1 and Pseudomonas oleovorans ST1.1 isolated from shrimp pond sediments as probiotics for whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei culture

This study aimed to isolate the probiotic potential of nitrifying bacterial strains and to evaluate their effects on water quality and growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Based on an initial screening of 100 isolates identified from sediment samples, 12 strains could remove nitrogen compounds and two strains (Pseudomonas stutzeri AM1 and P. oleovorans ST1.1) showed highly efficient nitrogen removal ability. Within 96 h, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency in the two strains was 28.0-31.6% and 21.5-24.9%, respectively. The water addition of 103 CFUmL-1 of P. stutzeri AM1 (T1) and P. oleovorans ST1.1 (T2) effectively reduced TAN, nitrite, nitrate, and total sulfide and increased the survival rate and biomass of shrimp. However, no significant differences were found between the control (T0) and treatment groups (T1 and T2) in the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of shrimp. Overall, P. stutzeri AM1 (T1) and P. oleovorans ST1.1 used as water supplements improved water quality and the survival rate of whiteleg shrimp